The name 'Nominal' comes from the Latin nomen, meaning 'name' and nominal data are items which are differentiated by a simple naming system.
The only thing a nominal scale does is to say that items being measured have something in common, although this may not be described.
Nominal items may have numbers assigned to them. This may appear ordinal but is not -- these are used to simplify capture and referencing.
Nominal items are usually categorical, in that they belong to a definable category, such as 'employees'.
Example
The number pinned on a sports person.
A set of countries
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